Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae surface antigen (NTHi surface antigen)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae surface antigens comprise diverse membrane-associated proteins (such as HMW1, HMW2, Hia, P5, and P6) and glycolipids (notably LOS) that mediate the bacteria’s adhesion to host respiratory epithelial cells, biofilm formation, and evasion of host immune defenses through mechanisms such as antigenic and phase variation. These surface molecules are major targets for the host immune system and are under investigation as candidates for vaccine development due to their roles in pathogenicity and immune recognition. However, a high degree of genetic and antigenic heterogeneity among these antigens poses significant challenges for developing broadly protective vaccines or therapeutic agents.

Other names

Outer membrane proteins of NTHisurface-exposed antigens of NTHi

Induction of protective antibody or T-cell responses (in vaccine development); Inhibition of adhesion or colonization (experimental)