Norovirus GI.4 major capsid protein VP1 (VP1)

The Norovirus GI.4 major capsid protein VP1 is the primary structural component of the Genogroup I, Genotype 4 norovirus, which is a significant cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide (Prasad et al., 1999, Science). This protein self-assembles into icosahedral virus-like particles (VLPs) that protect the viral genome and facilitate transmission between hosts. VP1 is structurally divided into a conserved Shell (S) domain and a variable Protruding (P) domain, with the latter containing the P2 subdomain that interacts with host histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) for cell attachment (Tan & Jiang, 2005, Trends in Microbiology). Because the P2 domain is the most exposed and immunogenic region, it serves as the principal target for neutralizing antibodies and modern vaccine design (Atmar et al., 2011, NEJM). Current therapeutic efforts focus on using VP1-based VLPs or viral vectors to induce mucosal and systemic immunity, aiming to block the virus's ability to bind to intestinal cells (Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 2024). However, the high rate of mutation in the VP1 gene presents a significant challenge, as it allows the virus to evade immune detection and necessitates the development of multivalent vaccines to cover multiple genotypes (Debbink et al., 2012, Journal of Virology).

Other names

Major capsid protein VP1GI.4 VP1Capsid protein VP1VP1 proteinNorovirus Genogroup I Genotype 4 capsid protein

Induction of neutralizing antibodies to block viral attachment to host histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and inhibition of viral entry into host cells.