Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B subunit 1 (NFKB1)

Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B subunit 1 (NFKB1) is a key component of the NF-κB transcription factor complex, expressed as a 105 kDa precursor protein (p105) that is proteolytically processed to generate the 50 kDa p50 subunit. NFKB1 is involved in regulating transcription of genes critical for immune and inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, survival, and apoptotic resistance. In its inactive state, NF-κB complexes are sequestered in the cytoplasm by inhibitor proteins (IκBs); activation involves IκB degradation, freeing NF-κB dimers such as p50/RelA to translocate into the nucleus and control gene transcription. NFKB1 can act as a transcriptional activator or repressor depending on its dimerization partners and cellular context, playing major roles in cancer, inflammation, immunity, and various diseases. It is a validated therapeutic target, with several approved and investigational drugs acting by directly or indirectly modulating the NF-κB pathway.

Other names

p105p50NF-κB1NF-kappa-B subunit 1Nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1

Inhibition of NF-κB activation Blockade of IκB degradation/proteasome function Inhibition of upstream kinase (IKK complex) Direct DNA binding blockade (investigational)