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Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells, Cytoplasmic
- Molecular classification
- Transcription factor
01
Overview
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a family of transcription factors critical for gene expression in the immune system, especially for cytokine genes. The family consists of five members: NFATc1, NFATc2, NFATc3, NFATc4, and NFAT5. NFATc1–NFATc4 are regulated by calcium signaling via calcineurin, while NFAT5 responds to osmotic stress. Classical NFAT isoforms are activated by calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation, leading to nuclear translocation and DNA binding. NFATs regulate cytokine production, T cell activation/differentiation, and play roles in development and disease. Immunosuppressive drugs like cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibit calcineurin, blocking NFAT activation and suppressing T-cell mediated immunity. Dysregulation is linked to autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, and cancers.
- Other names
- NFATNFATc1NFAT2NFATcNFATc2NFAT1NFATpNFATc3NFAT4NFATxNFATc4NFAT3NFAT5TonEBPOREBP
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of calcineurin activity, blocking NFAT dephosphorylation and nuclear import
03
Biological functions
Regulation of cytokinesT cell activationT cell differentiationB cell functionCardiac muscle developmentSkeletal muscle developmentNervous system formationImmune response modulationOsmoprotection
04
Disease associations
Autoimmune diseasesInflammatory disordersIBDsCardiovascular diseasesNeurodevelopmental disordersCancer
05
Safety considerations
ImmunosuppressionIncreased risk of infectionIncreased risk of certain cancers
06
Interacting drugs
Cyclosporin A
1 more in the full profile.
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