Nucleic Acid Inhibitor

A nucleic acid inhibitor is a type of antimicrobial agent that acts by inhibiting the synthesis or function of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) within target organisms. These agents exploit differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism to achieve selective toxicity against pathogens. Classes include DNA inhibitors (e.g., quinolones targeting DNA gyrase), RNA inhibitors (e.g., rifampin targeting RNA polymerase), and antifolates (e.g., trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) which indirectly inhibit both DNA and RNA production. Emerging applications include nucleic acid-based therapeutics and small molecules targeting specific RNAs.

Other names

DNA synthesis inhibitorRNA synthesis inhibitor

Inhibition of DNA gyrase/topoisomerase, RNA polymerase, or nucleotide biosynthesis pathways.