Olfactory receptor 51I2 (OR51I2)

Olfactory receptor 51I2 (OR51I2) is a transmembrane protein expressed predominantly in the olfactory epithelium, where it interacts with odorant molecules and initiates neuronal signaling for smell perception[5][4]. It belongs to the large family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), specifically the class A (rhodopsin-like) subgroup[5][3]. The binding pocket of OR51I2 is adapted to recognize carboxylic acid–containing odorants, leveraging a highly conserved arginine residue that interacts closely with the carboxyl group of the ligand, a feature shared within its subfamily[1][2]. The receptor undergoes a distinct structural rearrangement upon agonist (odorant) binding, leading to activation of G protein signaling pathways (notably involving Gαolf and Gαs)[1][2]. While its primary function is olfactory signaling, emerging evidence suggests extranasal expression and possible involvement in physiological processes beyond smell[3]. Its direct therapeutic targeting is currently unexplored, and no drugs selectively modulating OR51I2 have entered clinical use.

Other names

Odorant receptor HOR5'beta12Olfactory receptor OR11-38OR11-38HOR5'Beta12

Agonist binding (odorant activation triggers G protein signaling and subsequent cAMP production); Selectivity determined by tight, supportive hydrophobic and ionic interactions between the odorant and receptor binding pocket