Olfactory receptor family 14 subfamily I member 1 (OR14I1)

Olfactory receptor family 14 subfamily I member 1 (OR14I1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is a member of the large olfactory receptor gene family, characterized by a 7-transmembrane domain structure and responsible for odorant recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. OR14I1 is also identified as an essential host receptor for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) entry and infection of epithelial cells, where it interacts with the viral pentameric complex to mediate cell attachment, intracellular signaling via adenylate cyclase and AKT, and endocytic viral entry. Blocking OR14I1 or its signaling pathway can inhibit HCMV infection, making it a target of interest for antiviral strategies. While its canonical function is in olfaction, its role in viral pathogenesis demonstrates broader physiological significance. OR14I1 has several aliases due to nomenclature changes and its relation to pseudogenes, but current data indicate it functions as a protein-coding gene in humans.

Other names

Olfactory receptor 14I1OR5BU1OR5BU1POlfactory receptor 5BU1Olfactory receptor, family 5, subfamily BU, member 1 pseudogeneOlfactory receptor, family 14, subfamily I, member 1

For viral interaction: Acts as a cell surface receptor required for human cytomegalovirus pentameric complex-mediated attachment and entry in epithelial cells through activation of adenylate cyclase signaling. For endogenous function: Recognizes odorants and initiates G protein-mediated signal transduction cascade involving cAMP, leading to neuronal response and perception of smell.