Oral bacterial biofilms and pathogenic bacteria

Oral bacterial biofilms, frequently referred to as dental plaque, are structured communities of microorganisms adhering to tooth surfaces and encapsulated within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (Marsh, 2006). These biofilms represent a highly organized ecosystem where diverse bacterial species, such as Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, communicate via quorum sensing and share genetic material (Kolenbrander et al., 2010). In a healthy state, the oral microbiota exists in symbiosis with the host; however, ecological shifts can lead to the dominance of pathogenic bacteria, resulting in dental caries and periodontal diseases (Lamont et al., 2018). Therapeutic interventions aim to disrupt these biofilms through mechanical debridement or pharmacological agents like chlorhexidine and fluoride, which target bacterial cell walls or metabolic pathways (Seneviratne et al., 2011). Effective management of oral biofilms is essential for maintaining oral health and reducing the risk of systemic complications, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, which have been linked to chronic oral infections (NIH/NIDCR).

Other names

Dental plaqueOral microbiotaDental biofilmOral pathogens

Disruption of cell membrane integrity, inhibition of bacterial enzymes, interference with DNA replication, and degradation of the extracellular matrix.