Oral cavity microbiota

The **oral cavity microbiota** comprises the diverse community of microorganisms—bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa—that inhabit the human mouth. This ecosystem is highly dynamic, with more than 700 bacterial species identified to date, alongside numerous fungal and viral genera. These organisms reside in distinct oral niches, such as saliva, dental surfaces, tongue, and gingiva, and contribute to maintaining oral health through biofilm formation, pH regulation, modulation of immune responses, and competition with pathogenic species. Disruption of the healthy balance (dysbiosis) in this community can lead to oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis, and has been implicated in a range of systemic diseases. Therapeutic strategies may target specific oral pathogens, modulate microbial balance, or promote beneficial species using antimicrobials, probiotics, or antiseptics. However, care is needed to avoid unintended consequences such as resistance or loss of key commensals

Other names

Oral microbiomeOral microbial communityOral flora

Disrupting biofilm; Modulating microbial diversity; Targeting specific pathogenic species; Inhibiting or promoting growth of particular microbes