Oral mucosal epithelial cell membranes and salivary proteins

The oral mucosal epithelial cell membranes and salivary proteins constitute a complex biological interface known as the oral or salivary pellicle, which serves as the primary protective barrier of the mouth. This target is not a single molecule but a functional assembly of the apical lipid bilayers of oral keratinocytes and a diverse array of adsorbed salivary proteins, including mucins (MUC5B and MUC7), proline-rich proteins, statherin, and lysozyme [Humphrey & Williamson, 2001, J Prosthet Dent; Siqueira et al., 2012, J Dent Res]. Biologically, this interface provides essential lubrication for speech and mastication, buffers against dietary acids, and acts as a scaffold for the innate immune system to trap and neutralize pathogens [Marsh et al., 2016, Periodontol 2000]. In pharmacology, this system is targeted by astringents like tannic acid or aluminum salts, which precipitate proteins to form a protective layer and reduce tissue permeability [StatPearls, 2023, Astringents]. It also serves as a binding site for mucosal protectants like sucralfate and antimicrobials like chlorhexidine, the latter of which relies on its affinity for these surfaces to provide long-lasting therapeutic effects [Barker et al., 1991, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol; Bonesvoll, 1977, J Clin Periodontol]. Dysfunction of this interface is a hallmark of conditions such as xerostomia (dry mouth) and oral mucositis, making it a critical focus for topical oral therapies [Villa et al., 2015, Ther Clin Risk Manag]. Furthermore, the interaction between salivary proteins and epithelial membranes is vital for maintaining the hydration and structural integrity of the oral cavity. Therapeutic interventions often aim to reinforce this barrier or replace missing components in patients with salivary gland dysfunction.

Other names

Oral pellicleSalivary pellicleOral mucosal barrierAcquired pellicleMucosal interface

Protein precipitation, mucosal coating, and adsorption of antimicrobial agents to the pellicle and cell surfaces.