Orchard grass pollen allergens (Dgl allergens)

Orchard grass pollen allergens are a complex group of proteins derived from the pollen of Dactylis glomerata, a common perennial grass found in temperate regions. These allergens are categorized into several groups, with Group 1 (Dgl p 1) and Group 5 (Dgl p 5) identified as the primary major allergens responsible for sensitizing the majority of grass-allergic individuals (Source: WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature). Biologically, these proteins often function as expansins or ribonucleases within the plant, but in humans, they act as potent triggers for Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon exposure, they cross-link IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators like histamine, which causes symptoms of allergic rhinitis and asthma (Source: StatPearls). Because of their high cross-reactivity with other Pooideae grasses, they are frequently included in standardized allergen extracts for diagnosis and treatment. In a therapeutic context, these allergens are the active ingredients in allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which aims to modify the underlying disease by inducing regulatory T cells and protective IgG4 antibodies (Source: PubMed, PMID: 28212950). This treatment provides long-term relief and can prevent the progression from rhinitis to asthma.

Other names

Cocksfoot grass pollen allergensDactylis glomerata pollen allergensDgl p allergens

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) induces immunological tolerance by shifting the immune response from a Th2-dominated profile to a Th1 and regulatory T-cell (Treg) profile, which increases the production of IL-10 and allergen-specific IgG4 antibodies that block IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation (Source: PMID: 30103934, PMID: 28212950).