Oropharyngeal muscle complex

The oropharyngeal muscle complex comprises the pharyngeal constrictor muscles (superior, middle, and inferior), along with the longitudinally oriented muscles (stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus) located in the oropharyngeal segment of the pharynx[1][3]. These muscles coordinate to propel food from the oral cavity into the esophagus during swallowing and play essential roles in speaking and airway protection. The constrictor muscles contract in sequence (peristalsis), while the longitudinal muscles elevate and shorten the pharynx. Innervation is primarily via the pharyngeal plexus (vagus nerve), with the stylopharyngeus muscle uniquely innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve. Pathological dysfunction often presents as swallowing difficulties (dysphagia), voice changes, or airway compromise[1][3].

Other names

Pharyngeal musculaturePharyngeal musclesMuscles of the oropharynx