Ovarian follicle maturation pathway (null)

The ovarian follicle maturation pathway, also known as folliculogenesis, is a complex biological process in which primordial ovarian follicles grow and develop into mature preovulatory follicles capable of releasing an oocyte for fertilization. This process involves tightly regulated stages characterized by cell proliferation, differentiation, hormonal signaling, and apoptosis. Key cellular players include oocytes, granulosa cells, and theca cells. The progression from primordial to primary, secondary/antral, and finally preovulatory/Graafian follicles is orchestrated by endocrine signals—primarily gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH)—and local autocrine/paracrine factors produced within the ovary itself. Only one dominant follicle typically completes this journey each menstrual cycle in humans; most others undergo atresia via programmed cell death. The molecular regulation includes classical pathways such as WNT/β-catenin, insulin/IGF signaling, Notch signaling, Hedgehog pathways among others. Disruptions in this process can lead to reproductive pathologies including infertility or polycystic ovary syndrome.

Other names

FolliculogenesisOvarian follicle developmentFollicle growth and development

Not applicable to the entire pathway; mechanisms relate to modulation of hormone signaling and receptor activation within the process.