OX40 receptor (CD134)

OX40 (CD134, TNFRSF4) is a co-stimulatory immune checkpoint molecule belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. It is primarily expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as regulatory T cells (Tregs), NKT cells, NK cells, and neutrophils in certain contexts. Upon ligation with its ligand, OX40L (CD252, TNFSF4), OX40 provides critical costimulatory signals to antigen-experienced T-cells, promoting clonal expansion, survival, differentiation into effector and memory populations, and enhanced cytokine production. It is essential for sustaining immune responses beyond the initial activation phase and plays a role in both Th1 and Th2 mediated reactions. Targeting OX40 with agonist antibodies or fusion proteins is being explored as a cancer immunotherapy strategy to enhance anti-tumor immunity.

Other names

CD134TNFRSF4Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4

Agonist antibodies enhance anti-tumor immunity by boosting effector/memory function of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. OX40 activation enhances T cell survival, proliferation and cytokine production.