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Oxalic acid
- Molecular classification
- organic acid, dicarboxylic acid
01
Overview
Oxalic acid is the simplest dicarboxylic acid, with the chemical formula C₂H₂O₄ (HOOC-COOH) and systematic name Ethanedioic acid. It naturally occurs in many plants, especially leafy greens, as a metabolic byproduct and in the form of calcium or potassium oxalate salts. It's used industrially as a cleaning and bleaching agent, reducing agent, and chelating agent. In humans, excessive ingestion or absorption can lead to toxicity, including kidney stone formation due to precipitation with calcium, and can be associated with acute poisoning and corrosive tissue injury. As a molecule, it is not a protein or receptor target, so is not subject to targeted drug discovery in the traditional sense.
- Other names
- Ethanedioic acidOxiric acid(COOH)₂C₂H₂O₄oxalate (conjugate base)
02
Biological functions
intermediary metabolism byproductchelating agentreducing agent
03
Disease associations
Kidney stone formation (due to calcium binding and precipitation)Toxicity at high levels
04
Safety considerations
Toxicity: Large quantities can be toxic, causing burns, pain, and organ damage if ingested or if skin contact occurs.Kidney stones: Excess dietary oxalic acid can contribute to kidney stone formation by complexing with calcium.Calcium absorption interference: Can reduce absorption of calcium from foods.
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