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Oxidative-nitrosative stress (None (commonly abbreviated as ONS but not standardized))
- Target
- None (commonly abbreviated as ONS but not standardized)
- Molecular classification
- Other (process, not a molecule), not an enzyme, not a receptor, not a transporter, not a gene product
01
Overview
Oxidative-nitrosative stress is a pathological state resulting from excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) overwhelming cellular antioxidant systems, leading to protein, lipid, and DNA damage, cell death, and the progression of various diseases[1][2][3][4][5]. It is not a molecule or receptor but rather a dynamic cellular condition featuring numerous interrelated molecular events and modifications, such as tyrosine nitration, lipid peroxidation, and depletion of endogenous antioxidants. Therapeutic intervention typically aims to rebalance redox homeostasis or mitigate downstream oxidative and nitrosative damage rather than interacting with a single gene, receptor, or enzyme.
- Other names
- Oxidative stressNitrosative stressROS/RNS imbalancePro-oxidant/antioxidant imbalance
02
Mechanism of action
Drugs act through: - Scavenging ROS/RNS - Inhibiting ROS/RNS generation - Enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses - Reducing protein/lipid/DNA oxidation and nitration
03
Biological functions
Cell deathApoptosisSignal transductionImmune responseCell proliferation regulationProtein and DNA modificationCell differentiationOther
04
Disease associations
Cardiovascular diseaseDiabetes and metabolic disorder complicationsNeurodegenerative diseaseCancerInflammationOther
05
Safety considerations
Potential for pro-oxidant effects at high doses of antioxidantsSystemic off-target impact, possibly affecting normal cell signalingNeed for specific targeting in complex diseases
06
Interacting drugs
N-acetylcysteine
6 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT, for nitrosative stress)Malondialdehyde (MDA, lipid peroxidation)Protein carbonylsGlutathione/redox ratiosSuperoxide dismutase activityPeroxynitrite levelsTotal oxidative/antioxidant capacity
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