Oxidative Stress Mediators

Oxidative stress mediators are a broad group of molecules, primarily reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), that play central roles in cellular redox signaling, damage, and disease pathogenesis. These mediators are not a single molecule or receptor but rather encompass various chemically reactive molecules produced endogenously during normal metabolism or in response to environmental stressors. At physiological levels, they act as signaling molecules, but at excessive levels, they cause oxidative damage leading to mutagenesis and cell dysfunction. Therapeutic strategies focus on inhibiting key enzymatic sources, scavenging excess ROS/RNS, and modulating downstream inflammatory/redox-sensitive pathways. However, complete inhibition may be detrimental, thus therapeutic approaches aim for balance rather than total suppression.

Inhibition of enzymatic sources, scavenging of ROS/RNS, modulation of downstream inflammatory/redox-sensitive pathways