Oxidative stress pathway targets

The term "oxidative stress pathway targets" refers to a broad category of molecular entities rather than a single therapeutic target [1.1.1, 1.3.1]. This group encompasses a diverse array of proteins, enzymes, and transcription factors that regulate the cellular redox state and the response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1.1.3, 1.3.1]. Central to this pathway is the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master transcription factor that, upon activation, induces the expression of numerous antioxidant and detoxification genes [1.2.1, 1.2.5]. Other key components include antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase, as well as ROS-generating enzymes like NADPH oxidase (NOX), xanthine oxidase (XO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) that serve as inhibitory targets [1.1.3, 1.3.1]. Dysregulation of these pathways is a hallmark of many chronic conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer, where oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA drives disease progression [1.1.4, 1.4.2]. Pharmacological modulation of these targets, such as through Nrf2 activators like dimethyl fumarate or omaveloxolone, aims to restore redox homeostasis and provide cytoprotection [1.3.2, 1.3.5]. However, therapeutic intervention is challenging due to the dual role of ROS in both damage and essential signaling, necessitating precise control to avoid adverse effects like promoting tumor cell survival [1.4.1, 1.4.2].

Other names

Antioxidant defense system targetsRedox signaling pathway componentsNrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway targetsReactive oxygen species (ROS) regulatory targets

Activation of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, inhibition of Keap1-mediated Nrf2 degradation, direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), or inhibition of ROS-producing enzymes such as NADPH oxidase (NOX) [1.2.1, 1.3.2].