Oxidative Stress Signaling Pathways

The term "Oxidative Stress Signaling Pathways" refers to a complex network of intracellular and intercellular signaling mechanisms that are triggered by imbalances in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These pathways modulate essential cellular processes such as inflammation, apoptosis, metabolism, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. Key elements include antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase), regulatory transcription factors (notably Nrf2), and molecular mediators responsive to changes in the redox environment. Abnormal regulation of these pathways contributes to numerous diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disorders, and metabolic diseases. They represent broad therapeutic interest, but as a category, not a discrete therapeutic target.

Other names

Oxidative stress pathwaysRedox signaling pathwaysROS signaling pathwaysOxidant response pathways

Mechanism involves scavenging reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inhibiting ROS production, activating endogenous antioxidant pathways (e.g., Nrf2-ARE activation), modulating mitochondrial function, and regulating redox-sensitive gene expression.