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Antioxidant Response Pathway (ARE/Nrf2 Pathway)

Target: ARE/Nrf2 Pathway
Molecular classification: Signaling Pathway, Transcription Factor Pathway, Redox Regulation

Overview

The antioxidant response pathway is a critical cellular defense mechanism against oxidative and electrophilic stress. It primarily functions through the activation of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2)–antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling axis, which regulates the expression of genes involved in detoxification, antioxidant defense, and maintenance of redox homeostasis.

Other names: Nrf2-ARE PathwayKeap1-Nrf2-ARE PathwayOxidative Stress Response PathwayElectrophile Response Pathway

Mechanism of action

Pharmacological activators enhance the protective pathway by promoting Nrf2 activation and translocation to the nucleus, leading to increased expression of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes.

Biological functions

DetoxificationAntioxidant DefenseCell SurvivalRedox HomeostasisXenobiotic Clearance

Disease associations

CancerNeurodegenerative DiseaseAutoimmune DiseaseInflammationAging-Related PathologiesSystemic Sclerosis (SSc)

Safety considerations

Overactivation of Nrf2 in certain cancers may promote tumor growth and resistance to therapy.Potential for off-target effects with pharmacological activators.

Interacting drugs

Dimethyl Fumarate

1 more in the full profile.

Biomarkers

Nrf2 expression levelsARE activityExpression levels of downstream target genes (e.g., GSTs, NQO1, HO-1)

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