Purinergic receptor P2X5 (P2X5)

Purinergic receptor P2X5 is a member of the P2X family of ligand-gated ion channels that respond to extracellular ATP by opening a channel permeable to sodium, potassium, calcium, and (uniquely among P2X channels) chloride ions. In humans, the receptor is encoded by the P2RX5 gene, but most individuals express nonfunctional truncated isoforms due to exon skipping, which disrupts normal ion channel assembly and function. In functional animal models, P2X5 plays important roles in inflammatory responses, especially in osteoclast maturation, multinucleation, and ATP-dependent inflammasome activation, contributing to cytokine (IL-1β) release and bone homeostasis. P2X5 is also expressed by various mammalian cell types, suggesting possible functions in the nervous system, muscle, immune, and endocrine cells, but its physiological roles remain under investigation, particularly in humans where full-length functional P2X5 is rare.

Other names

P2RX5P2X purinoceptor 5P2X5P2X5FLLRH-1ATP receptorPurinergic receptorP2X5RATP receptor subunitIonotropic ATP receptor P2X5Lymphoid-restricted histocompatibility antigen-1Purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 5

Therapeutic targeting would likely involve inhibition or modulation of ATP-gated channel activity, affecting downstream inflammasome activation and cytokine release