Paracrine signaling by mesenchymal stem cell (MSC paracrine signaling)

The phrase "Tissue regeneration via paracrine signaling by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells" does not refer to a single molecular target such as a receptor, enzyme, or transporter. Instead, it describes a therapeutic mechanism in which mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) promote tissue repair and modulate immune responses through the secretion of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles—a process known as paracrine signaling. These secreted mediators include cytokines, growth factors (such as prostaglandin E2 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase), microRNAs within extracellular vesicles/exosomes, and other bioactive molecules that influence local cellular environments[1][2][4]. The effects are broad and context-dependent; for example, MSC-derived factors can induce macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes[1][2], promote angiogenesis[4], regulate inflammation in osteoarthritis[2], or support healing after musculoskeletal injury[1]. Because this entry refers to a complex biological process rather than an individual molecular entity or druggable target classically defined in pharmacology or drug discovery pipelines—and because it encompasses multiple molecules with diverse actions—it is not considered a canonical therapeutic target.

Other names

Mesenchymal stromal cell paracrine effectMSC-derived secretomeMSC-mediated tissue regenerationParacrine mechanisms of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells