Paracrine Signaling Factors

Paracrine signaling factors are signaling molecules, including growth factors and cytokines, secreted by cells into the extracellular environment to act on nearby cells. They regulate diverse processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival, and apoptosis. Key families include Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Hedgehog, Wnt, and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β). Their action is typically limited spatially due to rapid degradation or uptake. Dysregulation can contribute to diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis.

Other names

Growth FactorsCytokines

Bind to specific receptors on neighboring target cells, initiating intracellular signal transduction cascades that alter gene expression or cellular activity.