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Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)
- Target
- PIV5
- Molecular classification
- Virus (RNA virus), Family: Paramyxoviridae, Genus: Rubulavirus, Enveloped virus, Negative-sense, nonsegmented RNA virus
01
Overview
Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), previously known as simian virus 5 (SV5) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), is an enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Rubulavirus. It infects the respiratory tract of dogs (causing “kennel cough”), is highly contagious, and can infect various mammals and birds. The viral genome encodes eight proteins: nucleoprotein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), small hydrophobic protein (SH), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), large polymerase protein (L), and nonstructural V protein. Key viral functions include cell attachment, membrane fusion, and immune evasion, notably via the V protein’s inhibition of host interferon response and apoptosis. Preventive vaccination is common in veterinary medicine. The virus’s zoonotic potential and global prevalence across animal hosts are actively researched[2][3][4][5][6][7][8].
- Other names
- Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV)Simian virus 5 (SV5)CPIV-5
02
Mechanism of action
Vaccines: Induce adaptive immune response (antibody production, cellular immunity) to prevent infection and clinical disease
03
Biological functions
Initiates respiratory tract infection ("kennel cough") in dogsModulates host immune response (V protein blocks interferon signaling and inhibits interferon synthesis)Viral replication and cell entry via fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteinsInterferes with host cell apoptosis and cell cycle regulation
04
Disease associations
Infectious respiratory disease ("kennel cough") in dogsZoonotic infection (can infect multiple species, occasionally implicated in human infection)Generally not associated with human disease, but its zoonotic potential is studied
05
Safety considerations
High contagiousness, especially in kennel/crowded animal environmentsCo-infection with other pathogens is common, complicating disease managementVaccine effectiveness may vary; new viral strains can emerge
06
Interacting drugs
Vaccines (commercial canine parainfluenza virus vaccines are used for prevention)
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Detection of viral RNA via PCR for diagnosisViral protein (V, HN, F) antigens for serology
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