Pathogenic gut bacteria – biofilm and adhesion interfaces

The pathogenic gut bacteria – biofilm and adhesion interfaces refer to the multi-component structures and molecular interactions that allow harmful bacteria to colonize the gastrointestinal tract and form resilient communities. These interfaces involve bacterial surface appendages like fimbriae and pili, as well as a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA [1.1.1, 1.1.2]. In conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), these biofilms promote chronic inflammation and protect pathogens from host defenses and antibiotics [1.2.1, 1.3.1]. Therapeutic interventions target this interface through various mechanisms, including the use of adhesin antagonists like mannosides, matrix-degrading enzymes, and quorum sensing inhibitors [1.3.4, 1.3.5]. Effective targeting of these interfaces is a key strategy for managing dysbiosis and persistent enteric infections while minimizing impact on the healthy commensal microbiota [1.3.1, 1.3.3]. However, the broad nature of this target interface presents challenges in achieving specificity and complete eradication of the pathogenic niche [1.3.2, 1.3.5].

Other names

Intestinal biofilmsGastrointestinal biofilmsBacterial adhesion interfacesMucosal biofilmsEnteric pathogen adhesion complex

Inhibition of bacterial adhesins (e.g., FimH), disruption of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, inhibition of quorum sensing signaling, and chelation of divalent cations required for biofilm stability.