Pattern recognition receptors sensing rotavirus components (PRRs)

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sensing rotavirus components represent a collective group of innate immune sensors responsible for detecting rotavirus infection and initiating protective immune responses. The primary sensors involved are the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), specifically Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5 (MDA5) and Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I), which detect rotavirus double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) within the cytoplasm of infected intestinal epithelial cells (Laucirica et al., 2017, Frontiers in Immunology). Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) also contributes by sensing dsRNA in the endosomal compartment, while the NLRP3 inflammasome may be activated by viral components or cellular stress (Sen et al., 2011, Virology). Activation of these PRRs triggers signaling pathways involving MAVS or TRIF, leading to the induction of Type I and III interferons (IFNs) and various interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that inhibit viral replication and assembly (Arnold et al., 2013, Viruses). Rotaviruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to evade these sensors, such as the NSP1 protein which targets IRF3 and other signaling components for degradation. Therapeutic strategies targeting these PRRs aim to enhance the host's innate antiviral state or serve as adjuvants for rotavirus vaccines to improve efficacy in high-burden regions.

Other names

Innate immune sensors of rotavirusRotavirus RNA sensorsRLRs and TLRs in rotavirus infection

Activation of innate immune signaling pathways (RLR and TLR) to induce the production of Type I and III interferons and interferon-stimulated genes, thereby inhibiting viral replication.