Peanut 11S globulin seed storage protein (Ara h 3)

Ara h 3 is a major peanut allergen and a seed storage protein belonging to the 11S globulin family (legumin-type, cupin superfamily) found in *Arachis hypogaea* (peanut)[1][3][9]. It makes up approximately 19% of total peanut protein content and forms stable hexameric quaternary structures. As one of the principal allergens in peanut, Ara h 3 can trigger severe IgE-mediated allergic responses, including life-threatening anaphylaxis, in sensitized individuals[1][3]. Structurally, Ara h 3 consists of acidic and basic subunits resulting from posttranslational cleavage, and it is highly resistant to heat and enzymatic degradation—properties that contribute to its allergenicity[1][2][6][8]. There is no drug that directly targets Ara h 3, but research focuses on hypoallergenic peanut breeding, recombinant protein modification, and desensitization protocols for allergy management[5][6]. Measurement of specific IgE to Ara h 3 is used as a biomarker in allergy diagnostics to assess risk and predict severity of peanut allergic reactions[3][9][10].

Other names

Peanut 11S globulinPeanut seed storage protein (legumin-type)Glycinin (sometimes used for homologous proteins in other legumes)Cupin (family classification)Arachis hypogaea 11S globulinPeanut allergen Ara h 3

Not applicable—no drugs target Ara h 3 directly. In immunotherapy research, modifying or blocking Ara h 3 epitopes is being explored to reduce allergenicity, but not through classic drug mechanisms[5][6].