Pectic polysaccharides (Pectin)

Pectic polysaccharides, collectively known as pectin, are complex structural carbohydrates found in the primary cell walls and middle lamella of terrestrial plants, where they provide mechanical strength and facilitate cell-cell adhesion [1]. The degradation of these polysaccharides is primarily mediated by enzymes such as pectate lyase and polygalacturonase, which are critical for plant growth, fruit ripening, and the virulence of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi [2]. In human health, pectin is recognized as a soluble dietary fiber that can lower serum cholesterol by sequestering bile acids and modulate glucose absorption [3]. Furthermore, modified citrus pectin (MCP) has emerged as a therapeutic candidate due to its ability to bind and inhibit Galectin-3, a protein implicated in cancer progression, fibrotic diseases, and inflammation [4]. While pectin itself is generally recognized as safe, the enzymes that degrade it, particularly pectate lyases, are major allergens in pollens like ragweed, triggering hypersensitivity reactions in susceptible individuals [5].

Other names

PectinPolygalacturonic acidHomogalacturonanRhamnogalacturonan IRhamnogalacturonan IIPectic acid

Pectin acts as a soluble fiber that binds bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption and thus lowering cholesterol levels [3]. Modified citrus pectin specifically targets and inhibits Galectin-3, preventing its interaction with carbohydrate ligands involved in tumor cell adhesion and metastasis [4]. In the context of plant pathology, pectate lyase and polygalacturonase inhibitors are studied to prevent the enzymatic breakdown of the cell wall by pathogens [2].