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Pentraxin-related protein PTX-2 (SAP (serum amyloid P component), APCS)
- Target
- SAP (serum amyloid P component), APCS
- Molecular classification
- Pattern recognition receptor, Pentraxin family, Soluble plasma protein, Acute phase protein
01
Overview
Pentraxin-related protein PTX-2 is a soluble, homopentameric plasma glycoprotein that functions as a pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune system and shares structural features with immunoglobulins. Found constitutively in human plasma, PTX-2 localizes to sites of tissue injury and mediates anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic responses by aiding non-phlogistic removal of damaged cells and suppressing pro-inflammatory signaling, notably c-Jun/AP-1 pathways in monocytes and epithelial cells. Deficiency in PTX-2 is associated with increased risk of autoimmunity and fibrosis, making it a therapeutic target for fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. Recombinant forms are under clinical investigation for conditions such as chronic kidney disease and bone marrow fibrosis
- Other names
- Serum amyloid P componentSAPAPCSPentraxin-2
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibits c-Jun/AP-1 mediated inflammatory gene expression. Reprograms myeloid cell differentiation towards anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Promotes cytoprotection of tubular epithelial cells. Facilitates non-phlogistic clearance of damaged tissue.
03
Biological functions
Antiinflammatory responseClearance of cell debris and apoptotic cellsModulation of monocyte/macrophage and epithelial cell activityInhibition of c-Jun/AP-1 signalingRegulation of immune cell differentiation (limits autoimmunity/fibrosis)
04
Disease associations
Fibrotic disease (lung, kidney, bone marrow)InflammationAutoimmunity (including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis)Chronic kidney disease (Alport syndrome)
05
Safety considerations
Aggregation and stability concerns for recombinant form (rhPTX-2)Safety in clinical use under active investigation; no major adverse immune effects reported in literature but long-term safety unknown
06
Interacting drugs
PRM-151 (recombinant human PTX-2, rhPTX-2)
07
Biomarkers
Circulating levels of PTX-2 (decreased in chronic fibrotic/inflammatory diseases)
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