Peptidyl arginine deiminase type 3 (PADI3)

Peptidyl arginine deiminase type 3 (PADI3) is a calcium-dependent enzyme. It catalyzes the post-translational modification of proteins by converting arginine residues to citrulline, a process known as deimination or citrullination. PADI3 is most highly expressed in differentiating keratinocytes in the epidermis and in hair follicles, where it modifies structural proteins (such as trichohyalin, filaggrin, and selected keratins) crucial for hair shaft formation and epidermal barrier function. The enzyme’s activity modulates protein-protein interactions and protein structure, impacting hair morphology and skin barrier integrity. Mutations in PADI3 leading to loss of function are a principal cause of uncombable hair syndrome, a rare disorder of hair shaft shape and integrity. PADI3 is a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family, distinguished by its substrate specificity and tissue expression pattern.

Other names

PAD3Peptidylarginine deiminase type IIIPeptidyl-arginine deiminase type-3Protein-arginine deiminase type IIIPDI3

PAD inhibitors (experimental, not approved): Irreversible or reversible inhibition of the catalytic active site preventing conversion of protein-bound arginine to citrulline, thereby inhibiting downstream protein modification and function