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Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 (PAD4)
- Target
- PAD4
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Histone modification
01
Overview
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the post-translational conversion of arginine residues to citrulline in proteins (citrullination or deimination). This modification alters protein charge and function, impacting various cellular processes, including gene expression, immune responses, and NET formation. PAD4 is implicated in autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders, making it a promising drug target.
- Other names
- PADPADI4PADI5PDI4PDI5Protein-arginine deiminase type-4
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of arginine to citrulline conversion in target proteins.
03
Biological functions
Regulation of gene expressionHistone modification (citrullination)Modulation of immune responsesNeutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) formationRegulation of pluripotency genesRepression of p53 target genesControl of hematopoietic cell proliferationInflammatory responses
04
Disease associations
Rheumatoid arthritisSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)ThrombosisCardiovascular diseaseMultiple sclerosisAlzheimer's diseaseCerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuryGlioblastomaCancer
05
Safety considerations
Potential for immunosuppressionOff-target effects due to homology with other PAD enzymesDisruption of normal immune functionRisk of infectionPotential for exacerbation of certain cancers or other diseases depending on context.
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