Perennial ryegrass pollen allergen (Lol p)

Perennial ryegrass pollen allergens (Lol p) are a group of potent proteins derived from the pollen of Lolium perenne, which serve as major environmental triggers for respiratory allergies in temperate climates worldwide. These allergens, primarily the major components Lol p 1 (a beta-expansin) and Lol p 5, are recognized by the immune system of sensitized individuals, leading to the production of allergen-specific IgE antibodies. Upon inhalation, the allergens cross-link IgE bound to the surface of mast cells and basophils, triggering the release of inflammatory mediators like histamine that cause symptoms of allergic rhinitis and asthma. In the pharmaceutical context, these allergens are the active ingredients in allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) products, which are designed to desensitize the patient's immune system. By administering controlled, escalating doses of the allergen, AIT induces long-term immunological tolerance by promoting a shift from a pro-allergic Th2 response to a protective Th1 and regulatory T-cell response.

Other names

Lolium perenne allergensRyegrass pollen allergensLolium perenne pollen allergensLol p 1Lol p 5

Induction of immune tolerance through allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), which involves Th2-to-Th1 immune deviation, activation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and the production of allergen-specific blocking antibodies such as IgG4 to inhibit IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation.