Peritoneal cavity and peritoneal membrane

The peritoneal cavity is the potential space within the abdominal cavity, lined by the peritoneal membrane, which consists of the parietal peritoneum lining the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum covering the internal organs [StatPearls, NBK534788]. This serous membrane is composed of a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a basement membrane and a submesothelial connective tissue layer containing blood vessels and lymphatics [Wikipedia, Peritoneum]. Its primary biological functions include the production of peritoneal fluid for lubrication, providing structural support for abdominal organs, and facilitating the transport of fluids and solutes [NIH, NCI Dictionary]. In disease states, the peritoneum is a frequent site for inflammation (peritonitis), adhesion formation, and the spread of malignancies, known as peritoneal carcinomatosis [PubMed, PMC4013743]. While the peritoneal membrane is not a molecular target in the traditional sense, it acts as a critical physiological barrier and delivery route for therapeutic interventions, such as peritoneal dialysis and intraperitoneal chemotherapy [PubMed, PMC6326604]. Intraperitoneal administration of drugs like cisplatin or paclitaxel is used to treat localized cancers by achieving high drug concentrations within the cavity while minimizing systemic toxicity [PubMed, PMC2705948].

Other names

PeritoneumPeritoneal spaceSerous membrane of the abdominal cavity

Not a molecular target; functions as a semi-permeable membrane for dialysis and a compartment for regional drug delivery (intraperitoneal therapy).