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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1)
- Target
- ACOX1
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Oxidoreductase, Peroxisomal protein
01
Overview
Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1 is a peroxisomal enzyme encoded by the ACOX1 gene located on chromosome 17. It catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation, converting straight-chain acyl-CoAs (especially VLCFAs) to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs while generating hydrogen peroxide. This enzyme plays a critical role in lipid metabolism, shortening VLCFAs that otherwise have toxic effects if they accumulate. Its functions extend to regulation of inflammation, aging, and production of lipid mediators such as resolvins. Dysfunction due to genetic mutations leads to peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency, characterized by neurodegeneration and metabolic disturbances. ACOX1 is inducible by peroxisome proliferators, and both its overactivity and deficiency are associated with disease states, making it a relevant target for therapeutic intervention and disease monitoring.
- Other names
- acyl-CoA oxidase 1, palmitoylacyl-CoA oxidase, straight-chainacyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoylAOXPALMCOXpalmitoyl-CoA oxidaseperoxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidaseSCOXstraight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase
02
Mechanism of action
Drugs or dietary components may modulate enzyme activity: increase (induction by peroxisome proliferators, argan oil) or decrease (direct inhibition by TDYA) the rate of fatty acid beta-oxidation, ROS production, and downstream inflammatory response
03
Biological functions
Fatty acid beta-oxidationLipid metabolismProduction of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) during fatty acid breakdownResolution of inflammation (by participating in synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators)Regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)Anti-aging processes (through SPM biosynthesis)
04
Disease associations
Leukodystrophy (notably peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency, a genetic disorder)Neurodegenerative disease (through effects on myelination and inflammation)Cancer (linked to oxidative stress and hepatocarcinogenesis)Metabolic disorders (e.g., related to lipid metabolism, metabolic syndrome, diabetes)Inflammation and aging-related disorders (due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging functions)
05
Safety considerations
Excess activity may contribute to oxidative stress through production of H₂O₂Inhibition or deficiency leads to VLCFA accumulation, neurodegeneration, and leukodystrophyTherapeutic modulation must balance lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signaling
06
Interacting drugs
Peroxisome proliferators (certain drugs and environmental chemicals increase activity)
2 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
ACOX1 levels (serum, tissue)VLCFA (very long-chain fatty acid) levels (for diagnosing deficiency and monitoring therapy)SPM (specialized pro-resolving mediator) levels (investigational)
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