Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1)

Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1 is a peroxisomal enzyme encoded by the ACOX1 gene located on chromosome 17. It catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation, converting straight-chain acyl-CoAs (especially VLCFAs) to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs while generating hydrogen peroxide. This enzyme plays a critical role in lipid metabolism, shortening VLCFAs that otherwise have toxic effects if they accumulate. Its functions extend to regulation of inflammation, aging, and production of lipid mediators such as resolvins. Dysfunction due to genetic mutations leads to peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency, characterized by neurodegeneration and metabolic disturbances. ACOX1 is inducible by peroxisome proliferators, and both its overactivity and deficiency are associated with disease states, making it a relevant target for therapeutic intervention and disease monitoring.

Other names

acyl-CoA oxidase 1, palmitoylacyl-CoA oxidase, straight-chainacyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoylAOXPALMCOXpalmitoyl-CoA oxidaseperoxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidaseSCOXstraight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase

Drugs or dietary components may modulate enzyme activity: increase (induction by peroxisome proliferators, argan oil) or decrease (direct inhibition by TDYA) the rate of fatty acid beta-oxidation, ROS production, and downstream inflammatory response