Pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin, and pertactin (PT, FHA, and PRN)

Pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN) are the primary virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. PT is a complex AB5-type exotoxin that ADP-ribosylates inhibitory G-proteins, leading to increased cAMP levels and interference with immune cell signaling and recruitment [1]. FHA and PRN are essential adhesins; FHA is a large secreted protein that mediates binding to host cells and macrophages, while PRN is an autotransporter protein that aids in attachment to the respiratory epithelium [2]. These three components serve as the principal antigens in modern acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, where they are used to induce protective neutralizing antibodies [3]. Despite their success in reducing disease severity, the reliance on these specific antigens has been linked to the emergence of 'vaccine-escape' strains, particularly those lacking pertactin, and a noted faster waning of immunity compared to older whole-cell vaccines [4]. Understanding the interplay of these proteins is critical for the development of next-generation vaccines that provide more durable protection [5]. (Citations: [1] Carbonetti, N.H., 2010, Pathog Dis; [2] Locht, C., et al., 2001, Int J Med Microbiol; [3] CDC Pink Book, 2021; [4] Mooi, F.R., et al., 2009, Emerg Infect Dis; [5] UniProt P04977, P12255, P14283)

Other names

Pertussis toxin (PTX)Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)Pertactin (PRN)P.69Bordetella pertussis antigensAcellular pertussis vaccine components

Induction of active immunity through the production of neutralizing antibodies (anti-PT, anti-FHA, and anti-PRN) and memory B and T cell responses to prevent bacterial colonization and toxin-mediated systemic effects.