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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha subunit (FARSA)
- Target
- FARSA
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (class II)
01
Overview
Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha subunit (FARSA) is a critical enzyme catalyzing the attachment of phenylalanine to its cognate tRNA, a necessary step in protein synthesis. FARSA forms a heterotetrameric complex with two alpha (FARSA) and two beta (FARSB) subunits in the cytoplasm. While its canonical function is in translation, FARSA also has non-canonical roles in regulating cell growth, stem cell maintenance, and differentiation. Pathogenic variants in FARSA cause multisystem disorders, including interstitial lung disease, brain calcifications, and developmental abnormalities. Elevated expression of FARSA is observed in several cancers and may contribute to altered proliferation and differentiation programs seen in tumor cells
- Other names
- Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase subunit alphaPhenylalanine--tRNA ligase alpha subunitFARSFARSLFARSLAPheRSCML33FRSAPheHARILDBC2phenylalanine tRNA ligase 1 alpha cytoplasmicphenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain
02
Biological functions
Protein synthesis (aminoacylation of tRNA)Cell growthCell proliferationRegulation of differentiation (including stem cell fate)
03
Disease associations
Cancer (particularly tumorigenesis, elevated expression in several tumors)Interstitial lung diseaseBrain calcification disordersLiver diseaseMultisystemic syndromes
04
Safety considerations
FARSA is essential for protein synthesis; direct inhibition risks cytotoxicity, especially for rapidly dividing cells and tissuesLoss-of-function variants cause severe multisystem disease with neurological, hepatic, and pulmonary features
05
Biomarkers
FARSA expression (mRNA/protein upregulation can be a biomarker of some tumor types)
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