Phleum pratense pollen allergen (Phl p)

Phleum pratense, commonly known as Timothy grass, is a major source of airborne pollen allergens that trigger allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma in sensitized individuals [1, 3]. The term Phleum pratense-specific immune components refers to the specific allergens (such as Phl p 1 and Phl p 5) and the corresponding immune response elements, including allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE), Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4), and T-cell populations [5]. In therapeutic contexts, these components are the focus of allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which involves the controlled administration of Phleum pratense pollen extracts to induce immune tolerance [1, 2]. This process aims to shift the immune response from a Th2-mediated allergic profile to a Th1 or regulatory T-cell (Treg) profile, thereby reducing the production of specific IgE and increasing protective IgG4 [5]. Drugs like Grastek and Grazax utilize these allergens to modulate the patient's immune system, providing long-term relief from allergy symptoms [1, 4]. These therapies are particularly effective for patients who do not respond well to standard symptomatic treatments like antihistamines or corticosteroids [1].

Other names

Timothy grass pollen allergenPhleum pratense allergen extractPhl p 1Phl p 5Phl p 2Phl p 6Phl p 4Phl p 7Phl p 11Phl p 12Phl p 13

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) induces immune tolerance by shifting the immune response from a Th2-mediated allergic profile to a Th1/Treg-mediated profile, increasing the production of blocking IgG4 antibodies and reducing IgE-mediated mast cell and basophil activation [1, 5].