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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase alpha (for PI3Kα, encoded by the PIK3CA gene) and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (for PI3Kδ, encoded by the PIK3CD gene) (PI3Kα (p110α) and PI3Kδ (p110δ))

Target
PI3Kα (p110α) and PI3Kδ (p110δ)
Molecular classification
Enzyme (Lipid kinase), Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase
01

Overview

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases alpha and delta are members of the Class I PI3K family of lipid kinases, which catalyze the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol lipids, generating PIP3 and activating key intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism. PI3Kα is predominantly expressed in many tissues and is often activated by mutations in cancer; PI3Kδ is mainly expressed in leukocytes and plays a crucial role in immune cell function, making it a therapeutic target in both hematologic malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Pharmaceutical inhibition of these isoforms is clinically validated but associated with isoform-specific safety risks, such as metabolic and immunological disturbances.

Other names
PI3K alpha (PI3Kα)PI3K delta (PI3Kδ)p110α (for PI3Kα)p110δ (for PI3Kδ)PIK3CA (gene for PI3Kα)PIK3CD (gene for PI3Kδ)
02

Mechanism of action

Small molecule inhibitors block kinase activity, preventing phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) to PIP3, inhibiting downstream signaling (AKT, mTOR, etc.), resulting in reduced cell growth/survival

03

Biological functions

Signal transduction (PI3K/AKT pathway)Cell proliferationCell survivalMetabolism regulationImmune responseCell growthApoptosis inhibitionMotility
04

Disease associations

Cancer (mutations, activation)InflammationImmunodeficiencyAutoimmune diseaseOther proliferative disorders
05

Safety considerations

Hyperglycemia (PI3Kα inhibition disrupts insulin signaling)Immune suppression/infections (PI3Kδ inhibition impairs B-cell and T-cell function)Diarrhea, rash, hepatotoxicity (class-related)Possible cardiovascular toxicity
06

Interacting drugs

Alpelisib (BYL-719, selective PI3Kα inhibitor)

4 more in the full profile.

07

Biomarkers

PIK3CA mutation status (PI3Kα)PIK3CD gene expression (PI3Kδ)PIP3 cellular levelsActivated/phosphorylated AKTTumor genotype (especially for patient stratification in cancer therapy)

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