Phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling proteins (PI3K/mTOR)

The PI3K/mTOR family refers to a group of highly interconnected signaling proteins, principally phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), both of which are kinases that coordinate a central cell signaling network. PI3K phosphorylates membrane phosphoinositides to generate PIP3, which recruits and activates AKT, leading in part to mTOR activation. mTOR, present in complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, integrates nutrition, energy, and growth factor signals to regulate cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and survival. Dysregulation of this pathway is a major driver of cancer and other diseases, making the kinases in this pathway important therapeutic targets in oncology, immunology, and other fields[1][3][5][4][6][7]. Notes on "Is Incorrect": The entry "PI3K/mTOR family" is not a standard molecular entity, but rather refers to a grouping of related enzymes or a pathway. The precise canonical names are "Phosphoinositide 3-kinase" or specific isoforms (e.g., PI3K alpha), and "Mechanistic target of rapamycin". Additionally, the abbreviation "PI3K/mTOR" is used for dual-inhibitor pharmacology but is not the name of a discrete molecule or receptor[1][5][6]. This is not an individual molecular target; therefore, it is flagged as "is_incorrect: true".

Other names

PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathwayPI3K/mTOR pathwayPI3K/AKT/mTOR pathwayphosphoinositide 3-kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin

Inhibition of kinase activity, preventing phosphorylation events required for downstream signaling Suppressing cell proliferation and survival by interrupting the pathway Reducing tumor growth and, in some contexts, impacting cancer stem cell function or drug resistance