Phospholipase A2 group 1B (PLA2G1B)

Phospholipase A2 group 1B (PLA2G1B) is a secreted, calcium-dependent enzyme primarily produced by pancreatic acinar cells that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the *sn*-2 fatty acyl position of phospholipids. The enzyme plays dual roles as both a digestive enzyme for dietary lipid absorption in the intestinal tract and a signaling molecule involved in inflammatory and immune responses. PLA2G1B releases arachidonic acid and generates lysophospholipids, which are converted into bioactive lipid mediators including prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The enzyme represents a therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, as genetic deficiency of PLA2G1B in mice provides protection against diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance, suggesting that enzyme inhibition could benefit metabolic health. Additionally, PLA2G1B contributes to inflammatory diseases through both its enzymatic activity and receptor-mediated signaling via PLA2R1. The enzyme also participates in host defense against helminth infections by compromising pathogen membrane integrity.

Other names

Pancreatic phospholipase A2Group 1B phospholipase A2PA21B

Therapeutic modulation of PLA2G1B could work through enzyme inhibition to reduce arachidonic acid liberation and downstream eicosanoid production. Alternatively, receptor antagonism could block PLA2R1 binding to prevent pro-inflammatory signaling independent of enzyme activity. Metabolic modulation by reducing lysophospholipid generation could also improve glucose tolerance and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk.