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Glutamine-Utilizing Enzymes
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Aminotransferase, Hydrolase, Dehydrogenase
01
Overview
Glutamine-utilizing enzymes are a group of enzymes that use glutamine as a substrate in various metabolic pathways. These enzymes play central roles in nitrogen metabolism, energy production, biosynthesis of nucleotides and amino acids, redox homeostasis, and cellular signaling. The most prominent glutamine-utilizing enzymes include glutaminase (GLS), glutamine transaminases (such as GOT1/2 and GPT1/2), and other aminotransferases. Dysregulation or overexpression of certain glutamine-utilizing enzymes is associated with cancer progression, and targeting these enzymes is an area of active research in oncology therapeutics.
- Other names
- GlutaminaseGLSGlutamine TransaminasesGOT1/2GPT1/2Phosphoserine aminotransferasePSAT1Glutamate dehydrogenaseGLUD1/2
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of glutaminase activity; inhibition of glutamine transport
03
Biological functions
Energy productionNucleotide biosynthesisAmino acid biosynthesisRedox homeostasisCell proliferationNitrogen metabolism
04
Disease associations
CancerHepatocellular carcinoma
05
Safety considerations
Off-target effects of glutaminase inhibitorsDevelopment of resistance to glutaminase inhibitors
06
Biomarkers
GLUL expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
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