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Photoreceptor Cells
- Molecular classification
- Neuroepithelial cells
01
Overview
Photoreceptor cells are specialized neuroepithelial cells in the retina responsible for converting light into electrical signals. There are two main types: rods for low-light vision and cones for bright-light and color vision. They contain photopigments (rhodopsin in rods, photopsins in cones) that initiate a phototransduction cascade upon photon absorption, leading to changes in membrane potential and neurotransmitter release. Dysfunction or degeneration of photoreceptors can result in various visual impairments.
02
Biological functions
PhototransductionVision (scotopic and photopic)Light detectionNeurotransmission
03
Disease associations
Retinitis pigmentosaMacular degenerationColor blindnessOther retinal dystrophies
04
Safety considerations
Photoreceptor degeneration can lead to blindnessGenetic defects in photoreceptor proteins can cause various visual impairments
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