Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel (PIEZO)

Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channels (PIEZO), including Piezo1 and Piezo2, are essential transmembrane proteins that convert mechanical forces into biological signals (Coste et al., 2010, Science). These channels function as non-selective cation pores that open in response to membrane tension, allowing the influx of calcium and sodium ions to trigger downstream signaling pathways (Syeda et al., 2015, eLife). Piezo1 is widely expressed in non-sensory tissues, where it plays critical roles in vascular development, red blood cell volume regulation, and bone formation (Li et al., 2014, Nature). Piezo2 is primarily localized in sensory neurons and Merkel cells, serving as the principal transducer for light touch, proprioception, and mechanical pain (Woo et al., 2014, Nature). Mutations in PIEZO1 are linked to dehydrated hereditary xerocytosis and lymphatic dysplasia, while PIEZO2 mutations are associated with distal arthrogryposis and Gordon syndrome (Zarychanski et al., 2012, Nature Genetics; Coste et al., 2013, Nature Communications). Pharmacological modulation of these channels using small molecules like the agonist Yoda1 or the peptide inhibitor GsMTx4 offers potential therapeutic strategies for treating cardiovascular diseases, lymphedema, and chronic pain (Lacroix et al., 2018, Neuron).

Other names

Mechanosensitive ion channelStretch-activated channelPIEZO1PIEZO2FAM38AFAM38B

Modulation of non-selective cation conductance in response to mechanical membrane tension.