Plant immune response

Plant immune response is not itself a single molecule or receptor but rather refers to the ensemble of molecular pathways, receptors, and signaling proteins that protect plants from pathogens[1][2][4][13]. The plant immune response comprises a set of molecular systems that protect plants from infection by recognizing and responding to pathogens. It involves cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs), as well as intracellular receptors called nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs). These receptors recognize microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) or pathogen-secreted effectors and trigger signaling cascades—including MAP kinase activation, calcium influx, reactive oxygen species production, and transcriptional rewiring—leading to antimicrobial defense, localized cell death, and systemic acquired resistance. Plant immunity is tightly interconnected with hormonal pathways (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene) and development, and functions differently from animal immunity due to the lack of mobile immune cells and antibodies[1][2][4][6][13]. "Plant immune response" is a multilayered biological system made up of diverse immune receptors, kinases, and signaling pathways, not a specific molecule or receptor. For structured data, individual molecules like "Pattern recognition receptor FLS2," "NLR protein RPS2," or "Receptor-like kinase BAK1" should be used.

Other names

plant immunityplant defense responseplant innate immunity

Activation or suppression of immune pathways by modulation of receptors (PRRs, RLKs) or downstream signaling (MAPK cascade, hormone signaling)