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Plasma microRNA signature associated with neurodegeneration (None; no standardized abbreviation is used for plasma microRNA signatures)
- Target
- None; no standardized abbreviation is used for plasma microRNA signatures
- Molecular classification
- Other (biomarker panel composed of non-coding RNAs), microRNA, Small non-coding RNA
01
Overview
Plasma microRNA signatures associated with neurodegeneration are minimally invasive composite biomarker panels consisting of specific plasma-enriched microRNAs whose altered expression patterns correlate with neuronal integrity and cognitive impairment, often preceding or paralleling clinical symptoms. These signatures are stable in blood, easily measured, and show sensitivity in detecting mild cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disease. Changes in levels of certain brain-enriched microRNAs in plasma can differentiate between healthy individuals, patients with mild cognitive impairment, and those with neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. While they do not represent a single target or molecule, these signatures hold promise for early diagnosis, progress monitoring, and risk stratification in neurodegeneration, and may also serve as endpoints in clinical trials for new therapies.
- Other names
- plasma microRNA signaturecirculating microRNA signature in neurodegenerationplasma miRNA biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseaseplasma miRNAome (in ADNI context)
02
Mechanism of action
Not applicable. However, drugs influencing neurodegeneration may affect plasma microRNA profiles as downstream biomarkers
03
Biological functions
Regulation of gene expressionSynaptic plasticityNeuronal integrityNeuroinflammationCell death and survival
04
Disease associations
Neurodegenerative disease (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia)Mild cognitive impairmentHIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
05
Safety considerations
No direct safety concerns, as these are used for diagnostic monitoring rather than intervention.Clinical/procedural challenges: differences in detection platforms, normalization standards, and potential for confounding due to comorbidities
06
Biomarkers
Example plasma microRNAs identified as biomarkers include miR-181a-5pmiR-3184-5pbrain-enriched synaptic miRNAsSignature panels for MCI/AD often include multiple miRNAs identified by sequencing or qPCR arrays
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