Plasma phospholipids and lipoprotein-associated lipids

Plasma phospholipids and lipoprotein-associated lipids are a heterogeneous group of molecules essential for maintaining cellular structure and systemic energy balance. These lipids, including cholesterol esters, triglycerides, and phospholipids like phosphatidylcholine, are transported in the blood via lipoprotein particles such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (Feingold KR, 2024, Endotext). Their biological roles extend from forming the lipid bilayer of membranes to serving as precursors for bioactive lipid mediators and steroid hormones. Pathologically, elevated levels of certain lipoprotein-associated lipids are strongly linked to the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular events (Nelson RH, 2013, Mayo Clin Proc). While these lipids are the primary biomarkers for cardiovascular risk, they are generally considered metabolic products or substrates rather than direct therapeutic targets. Most lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins and PCSK9 inhibitors, work by targeting the proteins that regulate the production or removal of these lipids from circulation (Mach F, et al., 2020, Eur Heart J).

Other names

Plasma lipidsSerum phospholipidsLipoprotein lipidsCirculating lipids

Pharmacological intervention typically involves the modulation of enzymes (e.g., HMG-CoA reductase), nuclear receptors (e.g., PPAR-alpha), or transport proteins (e.g., NPC1L1) to alter the synthesis, absorption, or clearance of these lipid species from the plasma (Mach F, et al., 2020, Eur Heart J).