Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1)

Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) gene located at chromosome 8q24.21, a locus frequently altered in cancer. PVT1 is mainly studied for its role as an oncogene, especially in various solid and hematological malignancies. It does not encode a protein but exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms, including serving as a sponge for numerous miRNAs, acting as a precursor for several miRNAs, and regulating gene expression epigenetically. PVT1 participates in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and survival of cancer cells and can promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Its overexpression is strongly associated with poor prognosis and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. PVT1's functional relationship with the MYC oncogene further amplifies its tumorigenic potential, as it can stabilize MYC protein and affect MYC-regulated transcriptional programs. The clinical significance of PVT1 is highlighted by its utility as a prognostic biomarker, although it currently lacks direct, approved therapeutic agents targeting it. Considerable research is underway to elucidate its mechanisms and develop approaches for targeting its oncogenic activity.

Other names

PVT1Pvt1 oncogenePlasmacytoma variant translocation 1

Acts as a molecular sponge for multiple miRNAs, sequestering them and preventing their regulatory activity on target mRNAs (miRNA-mediated sponge interactions). Regulates gene expression by interacting with chromatin-modifying complexes and gene promoters. Produces miRNAs (e.g., miR-1204, miR-1205, miR-1206, miR-1207-5p, miR-1207-3p, miR-1208) that have their own regulatory functions in cancer. Increases multidrug resistance by upregulating drug efflux pumps like MDR1 and MRP1.