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Plasmodium hypnozoite (None)
- Target
- None
- Molecular classification
- Parasite, Dormant stage, Liver-stage parasite
01
Overview
The Plasmodium hypnozoite is a dormant liver-stage form of certain malaria-causing parasites, notably *Plasmodium vivax* and *Plasmodium ovale*. It is responsible for the relapsing nature of these malaria infections, complicating eradication efforts. Hypnozoites persist in hepatocytes and can reactivate weeks, months, or years after the initial infection to cause a new wave of blood-stage parasites. Primaquine is the primary drug effective against hypnozoites. Research is hampered by the lack of robust animal models.
02
Mechanism of action
Primaquine eliminates dormant hypnozoites in the liver, preventing relapse.
03
Biological functions
DormancyPersistenceRelapse of malariaSurvival
04
Disease associations
Malaria relapseInfection
05
Safety considerations
Limited drug optionsDifficulty in developing new drugs due to dormancy and lack of robust modelsUnknown triggers for activation
06
Interacting drugs
Primaquine
07
Biomarkers
UIS4 stainingLISP2 gene expression
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