Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), also referred to as plasma-rich fibrin, is a second-generation autologous platelet concentrate used primarily in regenerative medicine and dentistry [1, 4]. It is a complex biomaterial consisting of a dense fibrin matrix that encapsulates platelets, leukocytes, and a variety of growth factors and cytokines [9, 11]. Unlike its predecessor, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), PRF is produced through a simplified centrifugation process without the addition of anticoagulants or bovine thrombin, allowing for a natural and slow polymerization of fibrin [13, 14]. This unique structure enables the sustained release of bioactive molecules, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), over an extended period of up to seven days [9, 10]. These factors play a critical role in promoting angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and collagen synthesis, which are essential for the healing of both soft and hard tissues [2, 11]. PRF is not a traditional molecular drug target but rather a therapeutic biological adjunct used to treat periodontal defects, chronic ulcers, and musculoskeletal injuries [4, 10]. While not a target for conventional small-molecule drugs, PRF can be combined with other therapeutic agents like bone grafts or antibiotics to enhance clinical outcomes [6, 10]. Its autologous nature ensures high biocompatibility and minimizes the risk of immunogenic reactions or disease transmission [5, 13]. However, its clinical efficacy can be influenced by the patient's systemic health and the specific centrifugation parameters employed during preparation [7, 9].

Other names

Plasma-rich fibrinLeukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrinL-PRFAdvanced platelet-rich fibrinA-PRFInjectable platelet-rich fibrini-PRFChoukroun's PRF

Sustained release of autologous growth factors and cytokines from a three-dimensional fibrin scaffold to promote tissue regeneration and angiogenesis.